Cairo 1.12.0 introduces a new procedural pattern (mesh gradient), a new X back-end for Cairo that's using XCB (cairo-xcb), and many performance improvements without sacrificing its composition model.
For bringing the Cairo performance improvements, the library's rasterization pipeline was overhauled and now allows for the different Cairo back-ends the ability to implement their own specific pipeline while being able to leverage a library of common routines. Clipping was also overhauled, stroking was made faster, and there's also four new anti-aliasing hints.